{"id":16593,"date":"2026-03-26T13:14:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:14:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teec-courses.com\/piping-design-pid-reading-guide-engineers-arabic-2026\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T13:18:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:18:08","slug":"piping-design-pid-reading-guide-engineers-arabic-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teec-courses.com\/ar\/piping-design-pid-reading-guide-engineers-arabic-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&#038;ID: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u2014 \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (P&amp;ID) \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 P&amp;ID \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 P&amp;ID\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (P&amp;ID) \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u2014 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 <strong>ISA 5.1<\/strong> (\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629) \u0648<strong>ISO 10628<\/strong> (\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a). \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 P&amp;ID \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Legend Sheet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">P&amp;ID \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PFD: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 P&amp;ID \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (PFD). \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\" style=\"overflow-x:auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-family:'Cairo', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size:15px; direction:rtl; text-align:right;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#1a3c5e; color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">PFD<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">P&amp;ID<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648FEED<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 P&amp;ID \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">1. \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c:<\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064e\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629:<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062e:<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646:<\/strong> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0628. \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">2. \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0635\u0644\u0628:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639:<\/strong> \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c:<\/strong> \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0641<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0637:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b <strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">3. \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642) \u2014 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u2014 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645:<\/strong> \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PRV):<\/strong> \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u2014 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629:<\/strong> \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">4. \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISA 5.1 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646: <strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong> (\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639) \u0648<strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> (\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 = \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a = \u0645\u0631\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 = \u0645\u0631\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 = \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a = \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a PLC\/DCS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a P&amp;ID \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISA 5.1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: [\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629] \u2013 [\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: <strong>FIC-101<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>F<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 (Flow)<\/li>\n<li><strong>I<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644: \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 (Indicating) \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644<\/li>\n<li><strong>C<\/strong> = \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (Controller) \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<li><strong>101<\/strong> = \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 (101 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 100)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\" style=\"overflow-x:auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-family:'Cairo', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size:15px; direction:rtl; text-align:right;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#1a3c5e; color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>F<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">FIC-101 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>P<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">PIC-201 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>T<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">TIC-301 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>L<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">LIC-401 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>A<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">AIC-501 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>S<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">SIS (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a P&amp;ID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 FIC-101<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FE-101<\/strong> (\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642) \u2014 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><strong>FT-101<\/strong> (\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642) \u2014 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 4\u201320mA<\/li>\n<li><strong>FIC-101<\/strong> (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631) \u2014 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n<li><strong>FCV-101<\/strong> (\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642) \u2014 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a P&amp;ID \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645] \u2013 [\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644] \u2013 [\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a] \u2013 [\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629] \u2013 [\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: <strong>6&#8243; \u2013 HC \u2013 1023 \u2013 A1A \u2013 H<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>6&#8243;<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>HC<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<li><strong>1023<\/strong> = \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>A1A<\/strong> = \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f)<\/li>\n<li><strong>H<\/strong> = \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644: \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:<\/strong> 1\u20133 \u0645\/\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 5 \u0645\/\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> 15\u201330 \u0645\/\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629:<\/strong> 0.5\u20131.5 \u0645\/\u062b (\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0641)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629:<\/strong> 2\u20134 \u0645\/\u062b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> 30\u201350 \u0645\/\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 40:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 80:<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 160:<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>XXS (\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629):<\/strong> \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647 (\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a ANSI\/ASME)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\" style=\"overflow-x:auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-family:'Cairo', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size:15px; direction:rtl; text-align:right;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#1a3c5e; color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a)<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>150<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~20 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (290 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>300<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~51 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (740 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>600<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~103 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (1480 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>900<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~154 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (2220 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>1500<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~260 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (3705 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>2500<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">~430 \u0628\u0627\u0631 (6170 psi)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 16px; border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (PRV\/PSV):<\/strong> \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629: PSV-XXXX.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (RD):<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626 (ESDV):<\/strong> \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 (SIS). \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 XV \u0623\u0648 SDV. \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\/\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a High-High \u0648Low-Low:<\/strong> \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 SIS \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u064a P&amp;ID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/strong> \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 PRVs \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648ESDVs \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 High\/High-High.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/strong> \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637.<\/strong> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 4\u201320mA \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (FO)\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (FC)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (FIP). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (BL) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/strong> \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&amp;ID \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 P&amp;ID \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 P&amp;ID \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 PRV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 P&amp;ID \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645:<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 SIS<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 HSE:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a HAZOP \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 P&amp;ID \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a HAZOP\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u2014 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 P&amp;ID \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/teec-courses.com\/courses\/\">\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a P&#038;ID \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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